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ASTM E2860-20
Standard Test Method for Residual Stress Measurement by X-Ray Diffraction for Bearing Steels
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STANDARD published on 1.11.2020
The information about the standard:
Designation standards: ASTM E2860-20
Publication date standards: 1.11.2020
SKU: NS-1017158
The number of pages: 19
Approximate weight : 57 g (0.13 lbs)
Country: American technical standard
Category: Technical standards ASTM
The category - similar standards:
Annotation of standard text ASTM E2860-20 :
Keywords:
bearing, residual stress, X-ray diffraction, XRD,, ICS Number Code 77.040.20 (Non-destructive testing of metals)
Additional information
| Significance and Use | ||||||||
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5.1?This test method covers a procedure for experimentally determining macroscopic residual stress tensor components of quasi-isotropic bearing steel materials by XRD. Here the stress components are represented by the tensor ?
5.1.1?Alternatively, Eq 2 may also be shown in the following arrangement (5.2?Using XRD and Braggs law, interplanar strain measurements are performed for multiple orientations. The orientations are selected based on a modified version of Eq 2, which is dictated by the mode used. Conflicting nomenclature may be found in literature with regard to mode names. For example, what may be referred to as a ? (psi) diffractometer in Europe may be called a ? (chi) diffractometer in North America. The three modes considered here will be referred to as omega, chi, and modified-chi as described in 9.5. 5.3?Omega Mode (Iso Inclination) and Chi Mode (Side Inclination)Interplanar strain measurements are performed at multiple ? angles along one ? azimuth (let ? = 0?) (Figs. 2 and 3), reducing Eq 2 to Eq 3. Stress normal to the surface (?FIG. 2?Omega Mode Diagram for Measurement in ?FIG. 3?Chi Mode Diagram for Measurement in ?
5.3.1?The measured interplanar spacing values are converted to strain using Eq 24, Eq 25, or Eq 26. Eq 4 is used to fit the strain versus sin2? data yielding the values ?FIG. 4?Sample FIG. 5?Sample 5.4?Modified Chi ModeInterplanar strain measurements are performed at multiple ? angles with a fixed ? offset, ?FIG. 6?Modified Chi Mode Diagram for Measurement in ?FIG. 7?? and ? Angles Versus ? Angle for Modified Chi Mode with ?5.4.1?Eq 2 shall be rewritten in terms of ? and ?
5.4.2?Substituting ? and ? in Eq 2 with Eq 5 and 6 (see X1.1), we get: 5.4.3?Stress normal to the surface (? 5.4.4?The ?FIG. 8?Sample 5.4.5?The ?FIG. 9?Sample FIG. 10?Sample FIG. 11?Sample FIG. 12?Sample FIG. 13?Sample 5.4.6?The ?5.4.7?The use of the modified chi mode may be used to determine ?1.1?This test method covers a procedure for experimentally determining macroscopic residual stress tensor components of quasi-isotropic bearing steel materials by X-ray diffraction (XRD). 1.2?This test method provides a guide for experimentally determining stress values, which play a significant role in bearing life. 1.3?Examples of how tensor values are used are: 1.3.1?Detection of grinding type and abusive grinding; 1.3.2?Determination of tool wear in turning operations; 1.3.3?Monitoring of carburizing and nitriding residual stress effects; 1.3.4?Monitoring effects of surface treatments such as sand blasting, shot peening, and honing; 1.3.5?Tracking of component life and rolling contact fatigue effects; 1.3.6?Failure analysis; 1.3.7?Relaxation of residual stress; and 1.3.8?Other residual-stress-related issues that potentially affect bearings. 1.4?UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5?This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6?This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. |
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